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| The Taranganba Affair |
In early August 1886 Robert Ross announced that he had accidentally found gold on his station, Taranganba, while crushing and washing some stone residue from Pigstye Hill, this discovery led to the hill being systematically prospected and a main reef was reported to run almost north and south and to enter the sea near the mouth of Ross Creek, by September four Rockhampton and Yeppoon businessmen formed the Oceana Company and took up claims at the mouth of the creek. Then James Ross, brother of Robert, announced that he had found gold on his adjoining Mulambin property, this created intense excitement and people in almost every direction were claiming that "colour had been got", good results were promised from Dr Thurston's estate, Buena Vista where the stone was similar to that of Taranganba, the fever abated somewhat when stone sent from James Atherton's Mount Barmoyea for assay proved to be worthless. |
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In January 1887 metallurgist Dr Robertson and former New South Wales MLA Russell Barton, accompanied by solicitor Maurice Lyons, arrived to inspect Taranganba mine on behalf of a Sydney syndicate, Dr Robertson said that there were two distinct lodes discernible on Pigstye Hill, the Big Hill, the Western Hill, the Central Hill and a small hill that was not then named, he also expressed the opinion that Western Hill alone was equal to Mount Morgan in the extent and richness of the auriferous stone. Barton and Lyons were so impressed with Dr Robertson's report and with what they had been shown that they bought the mine for themselves, it was a very profitable deal for Robert Ross; £20 000 in hand and one-third of net proceeds from the mine. It was also welcome news for the whole district and a considerable increase in population was expected, providing employment for miners, mechanics and labourers. The Rockhampton Capricornian, expressed the opinion that Russell Barton, who had extensive experience and interests in mining companies in New South Wales, as well as in insurance and other commercial enterprises, was not likely to put money into an undertaking that would not prove remunerative. |
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Barton and Lyons put an experienced mining man, John Charles Gleadow, in charge of the mine which was further opened up, however, in May 1887 remaining members of the Sydney syndicate went to the Supreme Court of New South Wales to obtain possession of the mine from Barton and Lyons who withdrew from the syndicate when the action was settled out of court. In September 1887 the property was formed into a limited company, Taranganba Gold Mining Company, with a gross capital of £1 000 000 and a net working capital of £33 000. Though initially enthusiastic the manager John Gleadow had become suspicious of the mine's real worth after a number of incidents involving Robert Ross and testing a wide range of stones. Gleadow resigned his post writing of the affair: “I wish I had never seen this place. It has been a well carried out swindle, and although it has gone so far, I think I will be able to catch the perpetrators and sheet it home to them strongly.” (1)
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Public and investor scepticism began to grow with such accusations and other rumours about the mine’s legitimacy, Dr Robertson was brought to Taranganba again to dispel this distrust; he said he saw no reason to change his earlier opinion of the mine's worth. But public doubt lingered and a renowned mining man, H.A.H. Theodore Ranft, was engaged by the directors to make a full inspection. Ranft's exhaustive report announced that while the worth of ores varied, the amount of ore was practically unlimited. Ranft valued the gold recovered from Taranganba at £4.2s. per ounce and declared that if he had the choice of investing in Mount Morgan or Taranganba, he would choose Taranganba. Robert Ross released news of further deals claiming that an investor from Victoria had paid £10 000 for his interest in Co-opta, eleven miles north of Yeppoon, and that a company was being floated to develop the gold find there and at another of his prospects a little further north. Despite this doubts remained in many quarters as to the value of Ross's mining ventures and rumours that there could be a swindle continued circulating, the sale of Taranganba shares had always been of a speculative nature in Rockhampton and by July 1888 the price had reached only 15 shillings, sales in Sydney did not go beyond 14s 6d. |
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The company remained optimistic bringing in as manager John McKenna, who had previously managed the Lady Hepburn mine at Ballarat, McKenna set about the installation of crushing and chlorinating plants, three Cornish boilers were being built by Burns and Twigg in Rockhampton and the remainder of the machinery to process 1500 to 1800 tons weekly was ordered from New South Wales and America. A brickmaker was busy turning out bricks from a bed of fine clay five or six feet in depth, to be used in construction of the crushing and chlorinating works on the northern slope of Pigstye Hill above the Ross Creek wharf as all machinery and goods were to come in by sea.. By July 1888 about 200 people were living in the mining camp at Taranganba on the western side of the highest hill and an enterprising shopkeeper had already established a general store. It was widely believed that the company intended to have about 100 acres of land surveyed for development on what was described as a most "desirable site for a township . . ." On the south side of Freshwater Creek, which flowed between the two hills known as Eastern and Western. |
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But disquieting rumours would not go away, suspicious investors began publicly to question the worth of Taranganba Gold Mine and the ore testing methods used there, W. K. Peberdy of Jellinbah Station, Blackwater, who owned 2000 shares, visited the mine and took samples. Those tested on the spot, with the assistance of Robert Ross, gave good results, however Peberdy took ore samples away and tested them in Rockhampton, the results were negative. he sent samples to Brisbane for testing and these results also showed "no gold". Peberdy's results, published in the Rockhampton Morning Bulletin, were followed by a number of others from dissatisfied investors, Taranganba shares fell dramatically and became unsaleable. Finally the directors requested Government Geologist Robert L. Jack to make an official investigation of the mine, although Jack had earlier been refused permission to inspect it. Jack found only minute quantities of gold and his detailed report to the Queensland Minister for Mines said that the undoubted presence of gold in the quartzites might possibly justify the assertion that the hillocks of Taranganba were in a certain sense "mountains of gold," but the content of gold in proportion to the stone was very far indeed from being payable, the directors also sent mining engineer W.B. Henderson to inspect the mine and he reported it to be "absolutely worthless", these reports sounded the death knell of the Taranganba Gold Mining Company Ltd. |
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Post Mortem |
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Shares in Taranganba Gold Mining Company became worthless. Those who had invested heavily lost large sums of money, but many small investors lost their entire life savings. The Queensland Crown Law Office considered pressing charges of conspiracy and fraud against Robert Ross and the Company: legal opinion considered that prosecution was justified, and a conviction likely. Although the Minister for Mines, Robert Philp, declared that the affair of Taranganba Gold Mining Company was one of the biggest mining swindles ever perpetrated in the colony, the Crown Law Office received advice from Mr. Justice Real that “Rockhampton is a place where juries at times pay very little regard to the evidence”. No charges were ever laid. |
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There have since been many theories concerning the origin of the gold found in the ore crushed by Robert Ross and his sons. One was that it was brought from Greek's Reef at Bondoola. Although discounted by some observers as unlikely, the most popular local theory was that it was Mount Morgan gold. The belief was that Mount Morgan stone had been ferried in on Ross's cutter by an employee, French Peter, after it had been left in wait for collection at a spot along the Fitzroy River by a Mount Morgan collaborator of French Peter. From the beginning of the affair, visitors to Taranganba had remarked on a resemblance in the stone they saw there to Mount Morgan stone. Pieces picked up among the grass, they said, had the blasted, iridescent, and sometimes honeycombed appearance with which they were familiar at Mount Morgan. |
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Robert Ross |
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The Ross family who came from the New England district in1858 became one of the best known and most colourful families in the area, surrounded at times by publicity and controversy. Andrew Ross and his sons Robert and James acquired most of the coastal land from the mouth of the Fitzroy river north to Raspberry Creek. Andrew Ross settled on Balnagowan, Robert on Cawarral and then Taranganba and James Ross first at Raspberry Creek, then Barmoya and finally at Mulambin. |
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